#################### LISTING ONE ####################
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
$|++;

use Template;
use Getopt::Long;

GetOptions(
           'preprocess' => \ (my $preprocess),
           'force!' => \ (my $force = 0),
) or die "see code for usage\n";

my $t = Template->new
  ({
    RELATIVE => 1,
    PRE_PROCESS => $preprocess,
    INCLUDE_PATH => ['.'],
    TAG_STYLE => 'star',
   });

my %seen;
while (<>) {
  next if $seen{$_}++;

  my($outname, $inname) = split;
  my @instat = stat($inname) or
    print("  - $inname (can't stat)\n"), next;

  unless ($force) {
      my @outstat = stat($outname);
      @outstat and $outstat[9] > $instat[9] and
          print("  - $inname (not newer)\n"), next;
  }

  $t->process($inname, {env => \%ENV}, $outname) or
    print("  ! ", $t->error(), "\n"), next;
  print("  + $inname => $outname\n");

  chown $instat[4], $instat[5], $outname
    or warn "Cannot chown @instat[4,5] $outname: $!";
  chmod $instat[2], $outname
    or warn "Cannot chmod $instat[2] $outname: $!";
}
#################### LISTING TWO ####################
### mandatory
SHELL = /bin/sh
.SUFFIXES:

### ensure FINAL

ifndef RECURSED
MAKECMDGOALS ?= install

$(MAKECMDGOALS):
        @$(MAKE) --no-print-directory RECURSED=1 $(MAKECMDGOALS) FINAL

else # endif is at end of file

### external configuration variables (from env or make-line)

export PREFIX ?= /web/stonehenge
export INSTALLPREFIX ?= $(PREFIX)
export APACHE_PREFIX ?= /opt/apache/1.3.23
export SERVERNAME ?= www.stonehenge.com
export LISTEN_AT ?= www.stonehenge.com:80

### internal variables (should require no change)

I = $(INSTALLPREFIX)
TEMPLATER = ./run-template

### macros

get_installs_from_subdir = $(patsubst %,$I/%,$(patsubst %.tmpl,%,$(shell find $1 -type f ! -name '*~' -print)))

### subdirectories

## etc
install: install-etc
install_etc_files := $(call get_installs_from_subdir, etc)
install-etc: $(install_etc_files)

## htdocs
install: install-htdocs
install_htdocs_files := $(call get_installs_from_subdir, htdocs)
install-htdocs: $(install_htdocs_files)

## sbin
install: install-sbin
install_sbin_files := $(call get_installs_from_subdir, sbin)
install-sbin: $(install_sbin_files)

## var
install: install-var
install_var_files := $(call get_installs_from_subdir, var)
install-var: $(install_var_files)

### pattern rules

$I/%: %
        mkdir -p $(dir $@)
        cp $< $@

$I/%: %.tmpl $(TEMPLATER) GNUmakefile
        @echo want: $< '=>' $@
        @echo $@ $< >>$(TEMPLATER).in

### handle FINAL step

FINAL: $(TEMPLATER).out

$(TEMPLATER).out: $(TEMPLATER).in
        $(TEMPLATER) --force $<
        -@cp /dev/null $<
        -@touch $@
$(TEMPLATER).in:; touch $@

endif # matches ifdef/else at top of file